The Vicksburg and Port Hudson campaigns were commanded by Major Generals Grant and Nathaniel P. Halleck although Brigadier General Ulysses S. The original Union Army expedition to control the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers was under the overall command Major General Henry W. Scott proposed to defeat the Confederacy largely through blockade of ports and control of rivers leading to the economic 'strangulation' of the Confederacy, which he hoped would prevent a large number of bloody land battles. While not commonly lumped together under this designation, the river campaigns were undertaken mainly for reasons found in Union General-in-Chief Winfield Scott's 1861 Anaconda Plan. This cut the main east-west artery of transportation for the South, depriving the rest of the Confederacy of men, food and other supplies from the Confederate States west of the river. In July 1863, the Trans-Mississippi Department of the Confederate States of America was split from the Confederate States east of the river when the Union gained control of the entire Mississippi River. Flag Officer Foote initially commanded the Union naval forces, which were later led by Farragut and Porter.
It ended with the surrender of the last Confederate strongholds on the Mississippi River, Vicksburg, Mississippi on Jand of Port Hudson, Louisiana on July 9, 1863.
The campaign on and along the Mississippi River started in February 1862 with Union forces pushing down from Cairo, Illinois into disputed territory in Missouri and Kentucky and Confederate territory in Tennessee. The Mississippi River campaigns, within the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War, were a series of military actions by the Union Army during which Union troops, helped by Union Navy gunboats and river ironclads, took control of the Cumberland River, the Tennessee River, and the Mississippi River, a main north-south avenue of transport. Series of military actions by the Union Army
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